Determining factors for the development of genealogical tourism in Spain
Abstract
The increase in genealogical practice in recent years has led to a greater interest in trips to destinations related to family origins. In this way, a type of tourism is taking shape - named genealogical tourism - has been traditionally linked to cultural heritage tourism. This issue has not been ignored by social and academic research, especially in countries that have undergone notable population movements throughout their history. Based on a situation analysis of this type of tourism, this paper compares the motivations and factors that influence genealogical tourists in the countries with the longest tradition in this type of tourism to analyse the possible similarities and differences existing concerning the Hispanic cultural sphere. From this comparative analysis, it is concluded that there is a potential market for genealogical tourists towards Spain and within the country itself, whose development will depend on economic and cultural conditions. This form of tourism should be considered an emerging tourist segment with great possibilities for developing and could also serve as an element of cultural links between Spain and other peoples.
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Mensah (2015). The roots tourism experience of diaspora Africans: A focus on the Cape Coast and Elmina Castles. Journal of Heritage Tourism, 10(3), 213–232. https://doi.org/10.1080/1743873X.2014.990974
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Bhandari, K. (2016) Imagining the Scottish nation: tourism and homeland nationalism in Scotland, Current Issues in Tourism, 19:9, https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2013.789005
Basu, P. (2004). My own Island home: The Orkney homecoming. Journal of Material Culture, 9(1), 27–42. https://doi.org/10.1177/1359183504041088
Birthright Armenia (2024). https://www.birthrightarmenia.org/es/about
Birthright Israel (2024). https://www.birthrightisrael.com/
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Collins-Kreiner, N. y Olsen, D. (2004). Selling diaspora - Producing and segmenting the Jewish diaspora tourism market. En T. Coles y D. J. Timothy (Eds.), Tourism, diasporas and space (pp. 279–304)
Datosmundial.com (2023). https://www.datosmundial.com/africa/ghana/turismo.php
Desmarest, C. G. y Plesske, N. (2023). Coda - Scotland’s Urban Heritage and National Identity. Angles (Société Des Anglicistes de l’Enseignement Supérieur), 16(16). https://doi.org/10.4000/angles.7185
Dillette, A. (2021). Roots tourism: a second wave of Double Consciousness for African Americans. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 29(2–3), 411–426. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2020.1727913
Ferrari, Hernández-Maskivker, G. y Nicotera, T. (2022). Social-cultural sustainability of roots tourism in Calabria, Italy: A tourist perspective. Journal of Vacation Marketing, 28(1), 117–132. https://doi.org/10.1177/13567667211020493
Foster, A.-M. (2023). Complicated Pasts, Promising Futures. Public History Review, 30. https://doi.org/10.5130/phrj.v30i0.8376
Foster, P. E. (2023). "Black Genealogies Matter in U.S. Genealogy Tourism: A Content Analysis of Family Heritage Books and Plan for the HBCUHeritageHome.com." Dissertation, Georgia State University. https://doi.org/10.57709/35389920
Garcia de Cortázar, F. (2003). Los mitos de la historia de España. Editorial Planeta. Madrid
Haws, J.A., Benedetti, M. M., Talamo, S., Bicho, N., Cascalheira, J., Ellis, M. G., Carvalho, M. M., Friedl, L., Pereira, T., y Zinsious, B. K. (2020). The early Aurignacian dispersal of modern humans into westernmost Eurasia. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS, 117(41), 25414–25422. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2016062117
Hernandez-Maskivker, G., Ferrari, S. y Cruyt, A.N.J. (2019). Exploring community stakeholders’ perceptions of mass tourism: the case of Bruges. Tourismos: An International Multidisciplinary Journal of Tourism 14(1): 77–94.
Higginbotham, G. (2012). Seeking roots and tracing lineages: Constructing a framework of reference for roots and genealogical tourism. Journal of Heritage Tourism, 7(3), 189–203. https://doi.org/10.1080/1743873X.2012.669765
Hughes, H. y Allen, D. (2010). Holidays of the Irish diaspora: the pull of the “homeland”? Current Issues in Tourism, 13(1), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500802495669
Instituto Cervantes (2019). Anuario del Instituto Cervantes. El español en el mundo 2019. Editorial Instituto Cervantes. Madrid.
Instituto Nacional de Estadística (2020). Cifras de Población (CP) a 1 de enero de 2020 y Estadística de Migraciones (EM). Año 2019. https://ine.es/prensa/cp_e2020_p.pdf
Instituto Nacional de Estadística (2023). Gasto de los turistas internacionales según motivo principal del viaje https://www.ine.es/jaxiT3/Datos.htm?t=23995
Irish Genealogy, Minister for Tourism, Culture, Arts, Gaeltacht, Sport and Media of Ireland Republic, consultado 5 de enero de 2024. https://www.irishgenealogy.ie/en/
Leite, N. (2005). Travels to an ancestral past: On diasporic tourism, embodied memory, and identity. Anthropologicas, 9, 273–302.
Li, T. E., McKercher, B. y Chan, E. T. H. (2019). Towards a conceptual framework for diaspora tourism. Current Issues in Tourism, 23(17), 2109–2126. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2019.1634013
Lützen, K.C. (2019). To Walk in the Footsteps of Your Ancestors. Roots Tourism in Yiddishland in Zuckerman, M.G. y Feldt, J.E. (Eds.). New Perspectives on Jewish Cultural History: Boundaries, Experiences, and Sensemaking (1st ed.). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429324048
Marschall, S. (2015). ‘Homesick tourism’: memory, identity and (be)longing. Current Issues in Tourism, 18(9), 876–892. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2014.920773
Mensah (2015). The roots tourism experience of diaspora Africans: A focus on the Cape Coast and Elmina Castles. Journal of Heritage Tourism, 10(3), 213–232. https://doi.org/10.1080/1743873X.2014.990974
Ministerio de Cultura y Deportes (2023). Estadísticas de turismo cultural en España https://estadisticas.mecd.gob.es/CulturaDynPx/culturabase/index.htm?type=pcaxis&path=/t7/p7b/a2016/&file=pcaxis
Ministerio de Turismo Israel (2022). https://www.gov.il/he/departments/news/inbound-tourists-oct2022
Mottiar, Z. (2016). Exploring the motivations of tourism social entrepreneurs: The role of a national tourism policy as a motivator for social entrepreneurial activity in Ireland. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 28(6), 1137–1154. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-06-2014-0278
Murdy, S., Alexander, M. y Bryce, D. (2018). What pulls ancestral tourists ‘home’? An analysis of ancestral tourist motivations. Tourism Management, 64, 13–19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2017.07.011
Nin, M. C. y Pérez, G. G. (2022). La diáspora armenia y su compromiso con la construcción de memoria. Conflicto de Artsaj (2020). Huellas (Santa Rosa, La Pampa, Argentina), 26(2), 167–188.
Osei, G. (2022). Heritage Tourism Development: A Case Study of Cape Coast Castle and Bonwire Town – Ghana, Research Square- https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-1348007/v1.
Otoo, F. E., Kim, S. y Choi, Y. (2021). Developing a Multidimensional Measurement Scale for Diaspora Tourists’ Motivation. Journal of Travel Research, 60(2), 417–433. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287519899990
Pereira, A. M., Marques, I. A. y Cardoso, L. (2018). Turismo de raíces. Rutas de la memoria de la diáspora portuguesa: un modelo de evaluación de motivaciones. Estudios y perspectivas en turismo, 27(2), 213–232.
Quinn, B. y Ryan, T. (2019). Events, social connections, place identities and extended families. Journal of Policy Research in Tourism, Leisure and Events, 11(1), 54–69. https://doi.org/10.1080/19407963.2018.1465067
Reverté F. G. y Pérez S. M. (2017). Cultural and social impacts of events held in tourism destinations. A managers’ perception point of view. Cuadernos de Turismo 40: 681–683.
Richards (2023). El Desarrollo del turismo cultural en Europa: implicaciones para la formación de profesionales. Revista de Estudios Turísticos (150, 3–13). https://doi.org/10.61520/et.1502001.874
Robertson, C. (2018). Celebrating a Scottish past: construction, contestation and the role of government. World Archaeology, 50(2), 337–346. https://doi.org/10.1080/00438243.2018.1516566
Sánchez-Albornoz, N. (1990). Las etapas de la migración española a América Latina. Arbor, 136(536), 15-Madrid
Santos, C. A. y Yan, G. (2010). Genealogical tourism: A phenomenological examination. Journal of Travel Research, 49(1), 56–67. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287509332308
Saunders (2023). Genealogical Journeys, Geographical Imagination, and (Popular) Geopolitics in Who Do You Think You Are? Social & Cultural Geography, ahead-of-print(ahead-of-print), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1080/14649365.2023.2177714
Shalon Israel (2023). ttps://www.shalomisrael.es/judios/oficina-de-estadisticas-la-poblacion-judia-mundial-asciende-a-152-millones-45-en-israel/
Soria, E. (2004). Genealogía y poder: invención de la memoria y ascenso social en la España Moderna. Estudis: Revista de Historia Moderna, 30(0210–9093), 21–56.
Torosyan, T. y Vardanyan, A. (2023). The modeling possibilities of the comparative analysis of heterogeneous diasporas: The case of Armenia. Journal of Eurasian Studies,15(1), 187936652211506-. https://doi.org/10.1177/18793665221150656
Tottola, M. (2017). Nuovi scenari di turismo culturale: il turismo genealogico. Università Ca' Foscari Venezia
UNWTO (2018°). Tourism and cultural synergies. Madrid: UNWTO. Retrieved from http://www2.unwto.org/publication/tourism‑and‑culture‑synergies
Urrestarazu-Capellán, R., Correa-Fernández, J. y Sánchez-Cubo, F. (2022). The sources of information of the genealogical tourist: the influence of social networks and genealogical associations. Heliyon, 8(11), e11551–e11551. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11551
Vilar, J. B. (2003). El retorno de las migraciones españolas con Europa en el Siglo XX: precisiones conceptuales y anotaciones bibliográficas. Papeles de geografía, 37, 261–276.
World Jewish Travel (2024). https://www.worldjewishtravel.org/about/
Wright, G., Hecht, S., Volodarsky, S. y Saxe, L. (2023). Birthright’s Impact in 2022: Knowledge, Views, and Feelings toward Israel. Cohen Center for Modern Jewish Studies, Brandeis University. https://doi.org/10.48617/rpt.612
Published
2024-02-09
How to Cite
Urrestarazu-Capellán, R., & Sánchez-Cubo, F. (2024, February 9). Determining factors for the development of genealogical tourism in Spain. Journal of Tourism and Heritage Research, 7(1), 107-127. Retrieved from http://www.jthr.es/index.php/journal/article/view/530
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